Photovoltaic element
 A photovoltaic element is provided which comprises a support substrate, a first transparent conductive layer formed on the support substrate, a semiconductor layer stacked in the nip-type thereon, and a second transparent conductive layer formed thereon, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer of the nip-type stacked semiconductor layer comprises an amorphous semiconductor layer and a microcrystalline semiconductor layer of a microcrystalline volume percentage of 3-75%, and wherein the i-type semiconductor layer thereof comprises a microcrystalline semiconductor layer. This provides a photovoltaic element with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency at a low cost. 
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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H01L Y02E Y02P H01L Y02E
inventional additional additional inventional additional
Masafumi
Sano