Sonnenschein, Nath & Rosenthal
Memory device and method of manufacturing the same, and integrated circuit and method of manufacturing semiconductor device
 While a storage region 15 has of many dispersed particulates (dots) (15a), the surface density of the particulates (15a) is set to be higher than that of structural holes (pin holes) produced in a tunnel insulating film (14a), or the number of the particulates (15a) in the storage region (15) is set to five or more. While a conduction region (13c) is formed by a polysilicon layer (13) having a surface roughness of 0.1 nm to 100 nm, the number of the particulates (15a) in the storage region (15) is set to be larger than the number of crystal grains in the conduction region (13c). Even when a defect such as a pin hole occurs in the tunnel insulating film (14a) and charges stored in a part of the particulates are leaked, the charges stored in the particulates formed in a region where no defect occurs are not leaked. Thus, information can be held for a long time. 
Sony Corporation
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Jonathan Miyako Yoshifumi Dharam Pal Setsuo Takashi Kazumasa
Westwater Nakagoe Mori Gosain Usui Noguchi Nomoto