Self repairing bulk memory
 A large scale memory system that can use devices with some defective memory cells in them since bad cells and bad devices are recorded in a separate permanent memory that accompanies the system. The permanent memory is continuously referred to so as to avoid defective cells during accessing. Spare devices are automatically incorporated in the system, as needed, to facilitate self repairing. 
National Semiconductor Corporation
G
G11C
inventional
James M. Ernesto Thomas S. Dennis T.
Anderson Rey Knight, III Kitagawa