Substituted fullerenes as flow improvers
 The fuel oil-substituted fullerene compositions of the invention are useful for improving the cold flow properties of fuels. Typically the substituted fullerenes have the general formula C.sub.Fn (GRy)x, where C.sub.Fn is a fullerene, n is the number of carbon atoms in the fullerene, x is an integer from 1 up to the maximum number of sites on the fullerene molecule available for adding substituent groups, G is a linking group that may be absent or present, and when present is an oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phenol, aniline, Mannich base or diazocarboxylate-derived group, y is an integer determined by the identity of G, and when y equals 1 R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and when y equals 2 at most one R may be hydrogen while the remainder are hydrocarbyl groups, and the R group may be the same or different, and wherein when x is greater than 1 the GRy may be the same or different and at most one R may be hydrogen. Also included in the invention are additive concentrates, the substituted fullerenes in the fuel and a liquid carrier medium, and the method of using the substituted fullerenes to improve cold flow properties of fuels. 
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
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C10L C10L C10L C10N C10M C10M C10M C10L C10L C10L C10M C10L C10L C10L C10L Y10S C10M C10L C10G C10M C10L C10L C10M C10M C10M C10M C10L C10M C10L C10L C10L C10M C10M C10L C10L
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George W. Abhimanyu O. Kenneth David J.
Schriver Patil Lewtas Martella