Warming-up system for internal combustion engines
 A combustible mixture fed into the engine is heated by engine exhaust gases, the throttle valve is forcefully opened, ignition timing of the engine is retarded, cooling of the engine coolant and circulation thereof through the cooling circuit is interrupted and intake air is heated by exhaust gases during cold engine operation. 
Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.
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inventional inventional inventional additional
Kenji Masaaki
Masaki Saito