Smith & Hopen, P.A.
Ammonia removal in freshwater and saltwater systems
An ammonia adsorption product is described which may be used for fresh caught fish and bait. The product may comprise functionalized tectosilicate compound and a buffer. High concentrations of ammonia produced by fish waste can be lethal, even though oxygen availability is rich enough to keep fish breathing. The product is a user-friendly, sustainable, affordable product which is able to extend the life of the fish by safely removing ammonia by an ion-exchange mechanism. This product can convert toxic ammonia into ammonium and uptake ammonium by releasing sodium ions in the water.
University of South Florida
C A B C B B C C C
C02F A01K B01J C02F B01J B01J C02F C02F C02F
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Wen Norma A. Sarina Joy
Zhao Alcantar Ergas