Foley & Lardner
Carrier recovery in communications system
 A method of carrier recovery in a wireless communications system using a known synchronization word, for example an IS-54 TDMA system, operates in two stages to produce an estimate of carrier phase. In the first stage, a complex fading factor, embodying carrier phase information, is estimated from the synchronization word in the received signal using a least square criterion. In the second stage, the carrier phase is estimated from this complex fading factor by averaging. The averaging can provide a recursive average or a moving average, or can be implemented using Kalman filtering which also provides an estimated amplitude factor and frequency shift. The method and apparatus provide a substantial improvement over phase locked loop carrier recovery. 
Nortel Networks Corporation
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Yong Iouri Rui Vitali Hong Mikhail Alexandre Adnan
Li Trofimov Wang Kreindeline Zhao Bakouline Chloma Abu-Dayya