Foley & Lardner
Use of a plasma torch to open a tap hole in a metal furnace
 A water-cooled plasma torch specially designed to drill into a refractory material is used in a method for opening a tap hole closed by a plug in a wall of a furnace. This method which is particularly well adapted for robotization, includes the step of melting and breaking up the plug closing the tap hole by means of a jet of swirling gas of high speed and high temperature, generated by the plasma torch. The main advantage of this method is that the stream of plasma gas leaving the torch has a well defined outline ensuring precise and reproducible tapping of the plug and, as a result, efficient closing of the tap hole with a new plug after the furnace has been emptied. 
Hydro Quebec
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Hyun K. Jean Michel G.
Choi Meunier Drouet