Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
Chiral smectic liquid crystal device with different pretilt angles in pixel and non-pixel areas
 A liquid crystal device comprising a first substrate on which a first group of belt-shaped electrodes are formed, a second substrate on which a second group of belt-shaped electrodes are formed so as to cross the first group of belt-shaped electrodes, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal arranged between the first and second substrates, wherein a first pretilt angle of the liquid crystal on the first group of belt-shaped electrodes differs from a second pretilt angle of the liquid crystal in the spaces between the belt-shaped electrodes. 
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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Yutaka Shinjiro Hironobu Osamu
Inaba Okada Mizuno Taniguchi