Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal display apparatus
 A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a chiral smectic liquid crystal between a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode and a uniaxial alignment film. The chiral smectic liquid crystal is placed in such a quasi-smectic A alignment state that the liquid crystal molecules will have a single average molecular axis under no electric field application on a lower temperature side within chiral smectic C phase range, wherein the single average molecular axis can be confirmed as a position providing the darkest state when observed through cross nicol polarizers. Such a quasi-smectic A alignment state is effective in providing a liquid crystal device (or display apparatus) having an improved shock resistance and a good low-temperature storage properties. 
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
C C G C C
C09K C09K G02F C09K C09K
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Hiroshi Syuji Masahiro
Mizuno Yamada Terada