Oblon, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt, L.L.P.
Toner, developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
A toner includes a binder resin including a copolymer resin containing structural units derived from crystalline and non-crystalline resins, respectively. Spin-spin relaxation time (t50) of the toner at 50° C. measured by pulse NMR is ≦0.05 msec., spin-spin relaxation time (t130) at 130° C. when warmed from 50° C. to 130° C. is >15 msec., and spin-spin relaxation time (t′70) at 70° C. when cooled from 130° C. to 70° C. is ≦1.00 msec. A binarized image obtained by binarizing a phase image of the toner observed by a tapping mode AFM based on intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in the phase image includes first phase difference images constituted by large phase-difference portions and a second phase difference image constituted by a small phase-difference portion. The first phase difference images are dispersed in the second phase difference image. The dispersion diameter of the first phase difference images is 150 nm or less.
Ricoh Company, Ltd.
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Akinori Keiji Tsuyoshi Atsushi Suzuka Satoyuki Hiroshi Toyoshi Shinya Daisuke
Saito Makabe Sugimoto Yamamoto Amemori Sekiguchi Yamashita Sawada Nakayama Asahina