Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
Chiral smectic liquid crystal device having alignment film over electrodes being different and having different pretilt from alignment film between electrodes
 A liquid crystal device comprising a first substrate on which a first group of belt-shaped electrodes are formed, a second substrate on which a second group of belt-shaped electrodes are formed so as to cross the first group of belt-shaped electrodes, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal arranged between the first and second, substrates. A first pretilt angle of the liquid crystal on the first group of belt-shaped electrodes differs from a second pretilt angle of the liquid crystal in the spaces among the belt-shaped electrodes. The difference in pretilt angles is created by forming a resist over the spaces between the belt-shaped electrode, rubbing, removing the resist, and rubbing again. 
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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inventional inventional additional additional
Shinjiro Yutaka Hironobu Osamu
Okada Inaba Mizuno Taniguchi