Whitham, Curtis, Whitham & McGinn
Crural diaphragm pacemaker and method for treating esophageal reflux disease
 An electronic pacemaker is used to counter-act crural diaphragm relaxation thereby preventing and/or treating gastroesophageal reflux. The pacemaker can be implantable, or be connected to the skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm through the skin. A sensor is used to identify spontaneous intermittent relaxations of the diaphragm. During these spontaneous intermittent relaxations, one or more electrodes are used to stimulate the skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm to cause contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter. 
University of Virginia
A
A61N
inventional
Ravinder K. Jiamnim Bruce Robert
Mittal Liu Schirmer Ross