Cooper & Dunham
Semiconductor light emitting device with vertical light emission
 A semiconductor light emitting device, such as a light emitting diode or laser, includes a substrate which is provided with a hole and a pn junction extending adjacent to and in parallel with the side wall of the hole. Thus, the side wall of the hole extends in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the substrate. A pair of electrodes is provided such that current flows across the pn junction so that light emitted in a vertical direction which is perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. The hole may be either a through hole or a bore hole. With the additional provision of a pair of resonators, there is provided a semiconductor laser. 
Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ricoh Research Institute of General Electronics Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.
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Fumio Noriaki Akira Hiromasa
Inaba Onodera Mizuyoshi Ito