Electrochromic device
 An electrochromic device includes a layer of electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is deposited by oblique evaporation at an acute angle of incidence in the range of from 30.degree. to 70.degree. between the normal to the substrate and the direction of the evaporation. Due to the anisotropic topography achieved by the oblique evaporation, the layer of electrochromic material exhibits improved fast response time and long life time of cycling of coloration and bleaching. 
Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd.
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C23C C23C G02F G02F
inventional inventional additional inventional
Taisuke
Miyoshi